Revelation 21:1-6a is the Second Reading appointed for All Saints Sunday in the Year of Mark. Coming in the penultimate chapter of St. John's Revelation, it lays out what the new heaven and earth are revealed to be. Prior to this text we are assured that Death and Satan have been defeated once and for all, and now we can rejoice in the new reality God is bringing in. It will be the preacher's joyful task to proclaim this.
(The following questions are not meant to be exhaustive, but are best used in conjunction with other fine sets of questions available to exegetes. These questions have been developed to help the reader understand how the Word functions in the text, a fundamental concern of Law and Gospel preachers. For more on this method and on Law and Gospel preaching in general, see my brief guide, Afflicting the Comfortable, Comforting the Afflicted, available from wipfandstock.com or amazon.)
1. How does the Word function in the text? The Word functions almost exclusively as Gospel here, announcing promise after promise regarding God's new heaven and earth.
2. How is the Word not functioning in the text? There is no Law in this text, unless one counts the mention of grief, pain, and "the former things" as hints of Law.
3. With whom are you identifying in the text? We are the ones being spoken to - the people of God. We are the ones being promised a new heaven and a new earth, the promise that God makes all things new.
4. What, if any, call to obedience is there in this text? The Word sometimes functions to invite us to live in a certain way in response to the Gospel. No such invitation is here.
5. What Law/Gospel couplet is suggested by this text? We could use some classic couplets like defeat/victory or death/life here. We might also imagine other couplets using the language in the text, such as grieving/comforted; former things/new things.
6. Exegetical work: A number of commentators suggest that the new Jerusalem is a metaphor for God's people. This seems to fit since immediately following the announcement of the descent of the new Jerusalem, the voice says, "See, the home of God is among mortals." Apringius of Beja, a sixth century exegete, wrote in his commentary on Revelation, that "the heavenly Jerusalem is the multitude of saints who will come with the Lord." (Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, NT, vol. XII, p. 355). Luther, in his commentary on Genesis, includes this piece: "Who can adequately marvel at or comprehend this, namely, that God dwells with men? This indeed is that heavenly Jerusalem which comes down out of heaven from God and has the splendor of God, as stated in Rev. 21:2. This is the definition of the church in its essence: 'The church is the place or the people where God dwells for the purpose of bringing us into the kingdom of heaven, for it is the gate of heaven.'" (LW, vol. 5, "Lectures on Genesis; Chapters 26-30). Eugene Boring, in his commentary, makes an interesting observation: "The advent of the heavenly city does not abolish all human efforts to build a decent earthly civilization but fulfills them. God does not make 'all new things,' but 'all things new.'" (Interpretation series, Revelation, p.220).
7. Consider the insights of the pioneers of the New Homiletic? Fred Craddock, the 'dean' of this homiletical school, always urged preachers to bring the experience of the text to the listener, not just the content of the text. Preachers will have to consider the experience of the first listeners and then consider how that experience meets the contemporary context.
Blessings on your proclamation!